![]() They are common writing tool features and implemented when using various citation styles. However, if you delve into endnotes vs footnotes, you will notice that there is a difference in the placement of the two. The footnotes appear at the bottom of the page, and the endnotes appear at the end of the paper.Usually shorter, as information like author's name is already included in the text.Helpful in guiding readers directly and instantly to the citation.Included automatically while printing specific pages.Less distracting as they are used in a separate page.Informative as it consists of all the information related to the cited source.Easily accessible as they are all located at one place.With some insight into the difference between footnotes and endnotes, let us continue our learning process. What are Footnotes vs Endnotes? Are There any Advantages or Disadvantages? In the following sections, you will get an in-depth analysis of the two. This aspect depends on the type of paper you are writing.Įndnotes take the place of the list of resources cited.In this section, we will take a closer look at what are footnotes vs endnotes. When you are considering whether to employ footnotes or endnotes, you have to keep the following points in mind: Often endnotes represent non-bibliographic items like observations or comments. This section is then followed by a separate list of references to the sources you cited. ![]() The convention of writing footnotes is slowly getting dated. readers might need to remember chapter numbers and the endnote number to be able to find the correct endnote.Įndnotes may carry a negative connotation much like the proverbial "fine print" or some hidden disclaimers in advertising.And it is being replaced by the endnotes. Using endnotes can be confusing sometimes if there are different chapters. Readers must go to another part or section to get detailed information this could be distracting. Readers can check all detailed and supplementary information in one located section of the paper. If there are multiple columns, charts, or tables, short footnotes will be lost and need to be moved to another place.Įndnotes are not distracting as footnotes because endnotes are usually located in a separate part of the paper. Using too many footnotes in one page may clutter the page and make it difficult to read.Īdding a lot of information in one footnote may dominate the page and distract readers from the main subject. Readers can quickly look down the end of the page to find the extra information or identify a source. Guides readers directly and instantly to the citation or the idea related to the specific part of information.įootnotes are included automatically when printing specific pages.ĭoes not take time to find the note at the back of the paper to link the footnote to the subject of the text. readers can find footnotes at the end of the page. Too many notes imply a disorganized paper.Įasy to locate. Ask yourself, is this supplementary or tangential information that would otherwise disrupt the narrative flow of the text or is this essential information that I should integrate into the main text? If you are not sure, it's better to work it into the text. NOTE: Always think critically about the information you place in a footnote or endnote. Consult with your professor about which form to use and always remember that, whichever style of citation you choose, apply it consistently throughout your paper. However, some disciplines, such as law and history, still predominantly utilize footnotes. In general, the use of footnotes in most academic writing is now considered a bit outdated and has been replaced by endnotes, which are much easier to place in your paper, even with the advent of word processing programs. If you are unsure about how to use endnotes, consult with your professor.ģ. Depending on the writing style used in your class, endnotes may take the place of a list of resources cited in your paper or they may represent non-bibliographic items, such as comments or observations, followed by a separate list of references to the sources you cited and arranged alphabetically by the author's last name. In general, to avoid interrupting the continuity of the text, footnote numbers are placed at the end of the sentence, clause, or phrase containing the quoted or paraphrased material.Ģ. They can follow all punctuation marks except dashes. Do not include periods, parentheses, or slashes. The numbering of footnotes are "superscript"-Arabic numbers typed slightly above the line of text. ![]() Footnotes are numbered consecutively throughout a research paper, except for those notes accompanying special material (e.g., figures, tables, charts, etc.). Things to keep in mind when considering using either endnotes or footnotes in your research paper:ġ.
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